Nov 19, 2022

The Crucified King (Christ the King C)

From day one up to now, believers and non-believers alike have been inspired by Pope Francis. On The Washington Post, Kathleen Parker wrote about Pope Francis:

“Pope Francis continues to delight and surprise as he pursues his radical pilgrimage across the global psyche - inspiring with his humility while also sending shock waves with his subversive spirit. Yes, make no mistake, this humble man from Argentina who describes himself first as a sinner and prefers simplicity to the opulence afforded by his station is, like Jesus Christ himself, a radical. He washes the feet of the poor while eschewing the ruby papal slippers for his own holy feet. He lives in humble quarters among colleagues rather than in the isolation of the Vatican suites where his predecessors have slept. He immerses himself in humanity while urging a greater pastoral role for the church and a de-emphasis on the harsh judgments of institutional authority.”

What makes Pope Francis tick? I think, as Kathleen Parker somewhat hinted at, it is that his ways remind us of Jesus Christ. And the world longs for a leader who is a living witness to Christ.  

In today’s gospel reading (Lk 23:35-43), Jesus is portrayed as the crucified King. In this reading, it is possible to bring out three traits of Christ the King that people of today somehow recognize in the ways of the present Pope: These are humility, compassion, and servant-leadership. These must also be our own, if we are indeed disciples of Christ the King and are edified by the leadership example of our Pope. 

Christ the King is a humble King. While he was hanging on the cross, the rulers, the soldiers, and one of the criminals beside him all sneered at him. Each of them challenged the crucified Lord to prove himself as the Messiah of God by saving himself from defeat and death on the cross. But He did not succumb to the temptation to use his power. On the cross, He remained humble and “powerless.” His way is the humble obedience to the Father, not the triumphalistic and egoistic display of power to show his greatness. He died utterly humiliated. But such humility was the very power of God that brought salvation to the world.

Pope Francis reminds us of the humility of Christ. He inspires us because he believes that humility attracts people to the Church, not power and pride. He once told the cardinals that the strength of the Gospel “is precisely in humility, the humility of a child who lets himself be guided by the love and tenderness of his father.” As he himself chooses to reject the opulent trappings of the papacy, the Pope invites the Church to leave behind whatever remaining vestiges of triumphalism it has gotten used to over the centuries. He invites the Church to be humble just as Christ the King is humble. This invitation touches the hearts of many people and deeply inspires them.

Christ the King is compassionate. The gospels have all recounted the many incidents when Jesus manifested his compassion for the least, the last and the lost. But today’s gospel reading highlights even more the compassion of Christ when, as He hanged on the cross facing his own death, he listened to the prayer of the thief beside him: “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” Jesus recognized the implicit repentance in the prayer of this thief. Right there and then, Jesus’ compassionate heart granted the promise of eternal life to him. Herein lies the true power of the crucified King: not in casting harsh judgment on sinners but in showing compassion and mercy to the repentant.

Pope Francis too has been moving the hearts of thousands of people by his simple gestures of compassion. Once, he met a man covered in boils from head-to-toe, instead of recoiling from this man as some doctors even do, Pope Francis embraced him. In yet another instance in Saint Peter’s Square, the Pope noticed a man in the crowd with a severely disfigured face. The Pope approached him, embraced him as well and prayed with him. Pope Francis is showing the world the compassion of Christ the King. And more importantly he invites the Church to change focus. The Church, he said, should emphasize compassion and mercy instead of “small-minded rules.”

Christ is a servant-king.  To the world, a “servant-king” is an oxymoron, a combination of two contradictory concepts. But for Christ, the former fittingly defines the latter. As he had declared early on in his public ministry, the Son of Man “did not come to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mt. 20:28). Hence, as a King, he rules not by domination but by serving even to the point of laying down his life for his people. He is not a king sitting pretty on a majestic throne but one awkwardly hanging on the cross bruised, wounded, and dying—all for the sake of whom he was sent to save.

Pope Francis too understands his leadership in terms of service just like Christ.  On his installation he proclaimed: "Let us never forget that authentic power is service…  The pope, too, when exercising power, must enter ever more fully into that service, which has its radiant culmination on the cross." And he calls the Church to rise beyond her tendency to be “self-referential” and to take the risk of reaching out to the poor in service. The Church, like her King, must be a servant Church.

With Pope Francis leading us in the spirit of Christ the King, we continue living out with joy and enthusiasm our Christian faith. Pope Francis has begun pointing us to Christ once again by his examples and exhortations on humility, compassion, and service. Just as Christ the King is humble, compassionate, and a servant, so his Church must be, so each of us must be.





Nov 5, 2022

Mount of Olives (32nd Sunday Ordinary C)


Among the several things that caught my attention during my visit to the Mount of Olives (the Garden of Gethsemane being my favorite) was a prominent feature that covers the entire western and almost all of the southern slopes of the mount—the Jewish cemetery.  From what I gathered, since antiquity Jewish burial continued to be done there interrupted only between 1948 and 1967 when Jerusalem was divided. According to tradition, the Jewish cemetery on the sacred mount is where the resurrection will begin when the Messiah comes. ​ Legend has it that in the end of days people will tunnel underground from all over the world to rise up there.

For a believer in the “God of the living,” death is seen in the light of hope for the triumph of life.  Mount Olives has become a symbol of that hope for resurrection. 

Jewish belief in the afterlife was a late development in Israel.  The earliest afterlife belief of a promise of resurrection appears in the book of Daniel written in the second century before Christ. Today’s first reading from the second book of Maccabees (2 Mc 7:1-2, 9-14) is also a second century B.C. writings. It expresses the belief in afterlife as vindication of those who have been faithful to God.

Today’s first reading is an excerpt of the story of the heroism of the mother and her seven martyred sons. The faith-filled family was persecuted by the Seleucid king for their faith in God.  They were forced to eat pork in violation of God’s law. All of the sons resisted to the end, professing before death their fidelity to God and their hope for resurrection. The fourth son, for instance, when nearing death after being tortured said: “It is my choice to die at the hands of men with the hope God gives of being raised up by him; but for you, there will be no resurrection to life” (2 Mc 7:14).

The willingness of all the sons to endure torture and death depended on their belief in subsequent resurrection of the righteous. 

On the contrary, the Sadducees did not believe in resurrection as they only adhered to the Pentateuch and refused to give weight to oral tradition. Hence, in the gospel reading (Lk 20:27-38), the Sadducees presented a ridiculous case to Jesus to press him on the afterlife issue.  The case is based on a teaching of the Book of Moses on the responsibility of a man to marry his deceased brother’s widow and bear progeny to his name.  By presenting the case of a widow who married the seven brothers who each died without leaving a progeny, the Sadducees wanted to illustrate to Jesus the implausibility of resurrection, as there would be confusion as to whose wife will she be.

In his reply, Jesus did two things: First, He asserted the vast difference between our experience in earthly life and that of the afterlife.  One cannot compare the two. The resurrected life cannot be understood in terms of our earthly experience as the Sadducees were trying to do.  The afterlife is far superior to our earthly experience, as Jesus attested: “… those who are deemed worthy to attain to the coming of age and to the resurrection of the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. They can no longer die, for they are like angels; and they are the children of God…” (v. 34).

Second, Jesus clearly upheld the belief in resurrection by citing Yahweh’s relationship to the three patriarchs. Only life would continue to bind the patriarchs to God after their death: “That the dead will rise even Moses made known in the passage about the bush, when he called ‘Lord’ the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob; and he is not God of the dead , but of the living, for to him all are alive” (vv. 37-38). God is the source of all life; He is the cause of resurrected life.

Our Christian invitations:

Invitation to gratitude. God is not the God of the dead. He is the God of the living. We must always be grateful to the source of life. We can do this by taking good care of our lives, by celebrating life, by our commitment to promote and protect life. Our earthly life is passing. But “no longer must we fear and disguise the reality of death. We will die, but live ever more fully in Christ” (PCPC II #2059).

Invitation to hope. A clear grasp of the afterlife is not possible. Any attempt to describe it and to discuss its details is futile for it is always beyond the terms of our earthly experience. Yet our faith in Jesus allows us to cling to this beautiful belief as our hope for a future superior existence as children of God.  It is this hope that we should bring into our world which is always on the verge of despair because of the violence of conflict and war, of the devastations wrought by earthquakes and supertyphoons, of the suffering due to destitution, of fear and insecurities due to sickness.  It is the hope of transformation.

Invitation to fidelity. Good people many times suffer a lot. Those who are on the side of justice and truth are persecuted by the evil of this world. All the more that, as disciples of Christ, we should continue to be faithful to His words by announcing his message of salvation and by denouncing whatever is evil in God’s sight.  We must fear not. God is on our side.  Resurrection is God’s vindication of those who have been faithful to him.


Should the legend about Mount of Olives come to pass, let us be among those deemed worthy to rise up there.